Ouvrages
Jakobson, R. et Halle, M. (1956). Fundamentals of languages, The Hague: Mouton.
Articles
Benveniste, E. (1981). Semiology of language. Semiotics, (37) s1, pp. 5-24
Greimas, A. J. (1968). Conditions d’une sémiotique du monde naturel. Langages, (10), pp. 3-35
Greimas, A. J. (1975). L’énonciation. Significação, (2), pp. 6-25